關于傘齒輪
提到螺(luo)旋傘(san)齒輪(lun)的(de)加工(gong)生產工(gong)序(xu)業內(nei)人(ren)士應當(dang)不(bu)陌生，可是(shi)對(dui)于非(fei)專業人(ren)士來(lai)說就一團霧(wu)水了。那么螺(luo)旋傘(san)齒輪(lun)的(de)生產工(gong)序(xu)到底是(shi)什么步驟(zou)呢？下(xia)面就由小編(bian)向(xiang)您介紹螺(luo)旋傘(san)齒輪(lun)的(de)加工(gong)工(gong)藝流程(cheng)。
首先(xian)是(shi)采購優質的(de)(de)合金鋼(gang)材料(liao)，從材料(liao)廠(chang)家購買材料(liao)，再(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)鍛造，以提(ti)高組織緊(jin)密度，然后(hou)就要進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)車床粗(cu)車，再(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)正火或調質，然后(hou)就是(shi)半精(jing)車車加(jia)工(gong)(gong)出傘齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)外形并制成(cheng)齒(chi)(chi)坯，檢測(ce)合格(ge)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)銑齒(chi)(chi)齒(chi)(chi)，將傘齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)齒(chi)(chi)坯在切齒(chi)(chi)機(ji)(ji)上進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)銑齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，并進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)滾檢機(ji)(ji)配(pei)對后(hou)，再(zai)去毛刺，在倒棱機(ji)(ji)以除掉危(wei)險的(de)(de)棱邊，然后(hou)就是(shi)熱(re)處理了，熱(re)處理后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)研齒(chi)(chi)，要求高的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)磨齒(chi)(chi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，然后(hou)就是(shi)清洗包(bao)裝了，包(bao)裝盒貼(tie)上印有品名的(de)(de)標簽(qian)后(hou)出廠(chang)。
在錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)中，根據輪(lun)齒(chi)(chi)的齒(chi)(chi)長方向(xiang)來看，有(you)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)和曲線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)。齒(chi)(chi)長輪(lun)廓(kuo)與節錐(zhui)面交線(xian)為直(zhi)線(xian)的是直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)，如果是一(yi)段曲線(xian)，則統稱為曲線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)。
目前來看，螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)應(ying)該是曲(qu)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)同義(yi)語。根(gen)據(ju)曲(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)不(bu)同螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)現行有三種(zhong)，分屬于不(bu)同的(de)(de)公(gong)司。美國格(ge)里森公(gong)司設計的(de)(de)準雙(shuang)曲(qu)面(mian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(包括圓弧齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun))，瑞士奧利康公(gong)司的(de)(de)延(yan)伸外(wai)擺(bai)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)以(yi)及德(de)國克(ke)林根(gen)貝格(ge)的(de)(de)準漸開(kai)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。
螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)是一種(zhong)可以(yi)按(an)穩(wen)定(ding)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比平(ping)穩(wen)、低噪音(yin)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)零(ling)件，在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)地區有不同(tong)的(de)(de)名(ming)字(zi)，又叫(jiao)弧(hu)齒傘(san)齒輪(lun)、弧(hu)齒錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)、螺(luo)傘(san)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)、圓弧(hu)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)、螺(luo)旋(xuan)傘(san)齒輪(lun)等(deng)。螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)高，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比穩(wen)定(ding)，圓弧(hu)重疊(die)系(xi)數大，承載能力(li)高，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)穩(wen)平(ping)順(shun)，工作可靠，結構緊湊，節(jie)能省(sheng)料，節(jie)省(sheng)空間，耐(nai)磨(mo)損，壽命(ming)長，噪音(yin)小(xiao)。在(zai)各種(zhong)機械(xie)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中，以(yi)螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)為最(zui)高，對各類傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)尤其(qi)是大功(gong)率(lv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)具(ju)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)經濟效益(yi);傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞同(tong)等(deng)扭矩時需要的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)副最(zui)省(sheng)空間，比皮帶、鏈傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所需的(de)(de)空間尺寸小(xiao);螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比永久穩(wen)定(ding)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比穩(wen)定(ding)往往是各類機械(xie)設備的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中對傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性能的(de)(de)基本要求(qiu);螺(luo)旋(xuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)工作可靠，壽命(ming)長。
錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的幾種齒(chi)制(zhi)、特點(dian)、應用領域
錐齒(chi)輪及準雙曲(qu)面(mian)齒(chi)輪分(fen)別(bie)為相交軸及交錯軸的齒(chi)輪傳動類(lei)型。但是根據其齒(chi)長(chang)曲(qu)線(xian)特(te)點、齒(chi)高(gao)形(xing)式、以及加(jia)(jia)工方(fang)法等有各種分(fen)類(lei)。由于(yu)齒(chi)長(chang)曲(qu)線(xian)對于(yu)傳動性能關(guan)系重大，而且要用特(te)定(ding)的加(jia)(jia)工方(fang)法，故一(yi)般按齒(chi)長(chang)曲(qu)線(xian)分(fen)類(lei)。
直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪：輪齒(chi)齒(chi)長方向為直線(xian)，而且其延伸(shen)線(xian)交于分(fen)錐頂點、收縮齒(chi);可(ke)用刨齒(chi)機、圓拉(la)法加工，也可(ke)精鍛(duan)成形，一般用在低(di)速(su)輕載(zai)(zai)工況下、也可(ke)用于低(di)速(su)重(zhong)載(zai)(zai);
斜(xie)齒錐齒輪：齒長(chang)(chang)方向為直(zhi)線(xian)，但其(qi)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)線(xian)不與軸線(xian)相交(jiao)，而是(shi)與一圓相切;
曲線(xian)(xian)齒錐齒輪：曲線(xian)(xian)齒錐齒輪又分(fen)為(wei)格里森(sen)制和奧利康制、也可稱為(wei)圓(yuan)弧制及擺線(xian)(xian)制。
格(ge)里森(sen)制(zhi)由美國格(ge)里森(sen)公司生產，齒線(xian)為圓弧，一般采(cai)用收縮齒，常采(cai)用間隙分度(du)法加工(gong)。
奧(ao)利康(kang)制(zhi)由瑞士奧(ao)利康(kang)公司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)，齒(chi)線為擺(bai)線的(de)一部分，一般為等高(gao)齒(chi)，常采用(yong)連續分度(du)法端面(mian)銑刀(dao)進(jin)行滾切加(jia)工，德(de)國的(de)克林(lin)根貝(bei)爾(er)格(ge)公司(si)加(jia)工的(de)曲線齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)也是擺(bai)線齒(chi)、等高(gao)齒(chi)，現在克林(lin)根貝(bei)爾(er)格(ge)公司(si)與奧(ao)利康(kang)公司(si)已經(jing)合并為一家(jia)。
目前(qian)，曲線齒錐(zhui)齒輪應用(yong)最多，因其(qi)承載能(neng)力高、噪音低(di)、傳動平穩(wen)等優點(dian)已廣泛應用(yong)在航(hang)空、航(hang)海及汽車行業。
1)直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)：齒(chi)線(xian)(xian)為直線(xian)(xian)，并相交于(yu)分錐頂(ding)點，收(shou)縮齒(chi);
2)斜齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪：齒(chi)線(xian)為直(zhi)線(xian)，并相切(qie)于一點，收(shou)縮齒(chi);
3)弧齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪：收(shou)縮(suo)齒(chi)(也有用等高齒(chi)的);
4)擺線齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)：等高齒(chi)(chi);
5)弧齒(chi)(chi)零度(du)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪：雙重收(shou)縮齒(chi)(chi)，βm=0，用以代(dai)替直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪，平穩(wen)性較好，但不如弧齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪;
6)擺線齒(chi)零度錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪：等(deng)高齒(chi)，βm=0，用以代替直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪，平穩(wen)性較好，但不如弧齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪;
準雙曲面(mian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)長(chang)曲線有用弧(hu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)擺線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)
錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)齒(chi)高(gao)型式主(zhu)要有收縮齒(chi)和等(deng)高(gao)齒(chi)之(zhi)分，收縮齒(chi)有非(fei)等(deng)頂(ding)隙收縮齒(chi)、等(deng)頂(ding)隙收縮齒(chi)、雙重收縮齒(chi)。 1
)等(deng)高(gao)齒(chi)：大端、小端齒(chi)高(gao)相等(deng)，一(yi)般用(yong)于擺線齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪;
2)非等頂(ding)(ding)隙收縮齒：分(fen)錐(zhui)、頂(ding)(ding)錐(zhui)、根(gen)錐(zhui)頂(ding)(ding)點重合(he);
3)等(deng)齒(chi)頂隙收(shou)縮齒(chi)：根錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)頂點與分錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)頂點重(zhong)合;頂錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)母(mu)線在嚙(nie)合最深位置時，平行于相配齒(chi)輪的根錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)母(mu)線;
4)雙重收縮(suo)齒：，分錐(zhui)、頂(ding)錐(zhui)、根錐(zhui)頂(ding)點都不重合。
螺旋傘齒輪在熱處理(li)之后(hou)容易(yi)變形(xing),而(er)嚴重的變形(xing)容會直(zhi)接導致齒輪嚙合(he)運行后(hou)噪音太(tai)大,那么(me)，我們應該怎么(me)處理(li)螺旋傘齒輪在熱處理(li)后(hou)變型呢?
首先，我們(men)從選材、熱(re)處(chu)理(li)、機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等影響(xiang)螺(luo)旋傘齒輪熱(re)處(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)幾個主要(yao)因(yin)素入手,分析其產生(sheng)的(de)原因(yin),并通過良好的(de)設計、適當的(de)選材以及(ji)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序和機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝之間(jian)的(de)相(xiang)互配合等相(xiang)應措(cuo)施,減(jian)少螺(luo)旋傘齒輪熱(re)處(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing),從而(er)提高螺(luo)旋傘齒輪加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度為最(zui)終(zhong)能處(chu)理(li)作好應變(bian)(bian)的(de)準備，應注意(yi)的(de)是(shi)，在(zai)正火或調(diao)質(zhi)處(chu)理(li)中，一定要(yao)保持爐膛溫度均(jun)勻，以及(ji)采用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)位器具(ju)，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)均(jun)勻地(di)加(jia)熱(re)及(ji)冷卻，嚴禁堆放在(zai)一起。需鉆孔減(jian)輕重(zhong)量的(de)齒輪，應涂上防滲(shen)劑將鉆孔序安排在(zai)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后進行(xing)。
螺旋傘齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終熱處(chu)理采用(yong)使(shi)(shi)零(ling)件變形(xing)(xing)(xing)較小的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)高(gao)頻淬(cui)火(huo)；高(gao)頻淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)具(ju)有(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度、硬度、耐磨(mo)性和疲勞極限(xian)，而(er)心部(bu)仍保持足夠的(de)(de)(de)塑性和韌性，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)在熱處(chu)理之(zhi)后(hou)容易變形(xing)(xing)(xing),而(er)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)會(hui)導致齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)嚙合運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)噪(zao)音(yin)太大(da)(da)。若是(shi)采用(yong)滲碳淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)，滲碳時(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)輪(lun)(lun)一定用(yong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)淬(cui)火(huo)壓床，這(zhe)樣可確(que)保大(da)(da)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)平行(xing)度跳動(dong)不超過7絲，小輪(lun)(lun)滲碳裝爐一定要用(yong)掛具(ju)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)掛具(ju)可確(que)保小輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)跳動(dong)得到(dao)有(you)效控制。另外為了提高(gao)精度，也可以進行(xing)螺(luo)旋傘齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)，這(zhe)樣即時(shi)(shi)在很高(gao)轉(zhuan)速時(shi)(shi)也能使(shi)(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)嚙合噪(zao)音(yin)控制在73分貝以下，這(zhe)些(xie)基礎經驗(yan)是(shi)江(jiang)蘇(su)巨力(li)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)股(gu)份有(you)限(xian)公司團(tuan)隊幾十年如一日的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)總結，希望對大(da)(da)家有(you)所(suo)幫助。
